Programmes for Rural Development ( Sociology Optional)

National Food for Work Programme

  • The National Food for, Work Programme was launched in 2004 in 150 most backward districts.
  • It was coordinated by the Ministry of Rural Development and the State governments.
  • The objective of the programme was to provide additional resources apart from the resources available under the Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana.
  • The scheme is subsumed in National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

  • It was launched in 2000 as a 100 per cent Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
  • The prime objective of the PMGSY is to provide connectivity to all the eligible unconnected habitations of more than 500 persons in the rural areas by good quality all-weather roads.
  • The implementation strategy focuses on quality, cost management and 'on time" delivery.

Rural Housing- Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)

  • It was launched in 1985 as a sub-scheme of Jawahar Rozgar Yojana.
  • It aimed for the construction of dwelling units and upgradation of existing unserviceable kutcha houses.
  • Eligible group: rural people below the poverty-line (BPL) belonging to Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, bonded labourers and non-scheduled castes/scheduled tribes categories.
  • The Gram Sabha selects the beneficiaries from the list of eligible BPL households.
  • Allotment of the house is done in the name of the female members of the households preferably.
  • A minimum of 60 per cent of funds are to be utilised for construction of houses for SCs/STs.
  • Sanitary latrine and smokeless chullahs are also provided to the beneficiaries.
  • Construction of houses for the rural poor is included as one of the six components of Bharat Nirman Programme.

National Social Assistance Programme and Annapurna

It consists of National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS) and National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS).

  • The state-wise allocation of Additional Central Assistance (ACA) is made by the Ministry of Rural Development and Planning Commission.
  • State Governments/ UTs can utilise the ACA in accordance with their own priorities and needs.

District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) Administration

  • It is a Centrally sponsored scheme, launched in 1999.
  • Aims: To strengthen the DRDAs and making them more professional in their functioning.

The Council for Advancement of People's Action and Rural Technology (CAPART)

  • It is an autonomous organisation under the Ministry of Rural Development.
  • It was set up in 1986, as a supporting and funding agency the voluntary organisations.
  • Objective: To promote voluntary action through community participation, and to propagate appropriate rural technologies.

Watershed Development Programmes

  • The Department of Land Resources in the Ministry of Rural Development is administering three area-based watershed programmes:
    • Drought Prone Areas Programmes (DPAP),
    • Desert Development Programme (DDP) and
    • Integrated Development Programme (IWDP)
  • Aim: to check the diminishing productivity of wasteland and loss of natural resources.
  • Projects are implemented by local governing bodies. Eg. Gram Panchayats.

Land Reforms: Computerisation of Land Records and Strengthening of Revenue Administration and Updating of Land Records

Two Centrally Sponsored Schemes are administrated by the Department of Land Resources:

  • Computerisation of Land Records (CLR) and
  • Strengthening of Revenue Administration and Updating of Land Records (SRA & ULR)

Computerisation of Land Records

  • Aim: to remove the problems inherent in the manual systems of maintenance and updating of land records.
  • At present, the Scheme is implemented in approx. 600 d Those districts are left, where there are no proper land records.

Strengthening of Revenue Administration and Updating of Land Records (SRA & ULR)

  • Under this Scheme, financial assistance is given for purchase of modern survey equipment like GPS, Work Stations, Aerial Survey tools etc.
  • Office equipment and basic facilities to improve work efficiency of subordinate administration.

Rural Drinking Water Supply Programme

1. National Drinking Water Mission

Objectives

  • Providing safe drinking water to all villages.
  • Assisting local communities to maintain sources of safe drinking water in good condition, and
  • Giving special attention for water supply to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

2.The Tenth Five Year Plan

Aims

  • Accelerating coverage of the not covered and Partially Covered habitations with safe drinking water systems.
  • To tackle problems of water quality in affected habitations and to institutionalize water quality monitoring and surveillance systems.
  • To promote sustainability, both of systems and sources, to ensure continued supply of safe drinking water in covered habitations.

3.Bharat Nirman

  • Drinking water supply is one of the six components of Bharat Nirman.
  • Adoption of a demand-driven responsive and adaptable approach based on empowerment of villagers.
  • Empowering civil society and gram panchayats for sustainable management of drinking water assets and integrated water management and conservation.

4.Sector Reforms projects- Swajal dhara

  • Involvement of Village Water and Sanitation Committee, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in planning, implementation, operation, and maintenance.
  • In case of SC and ST habitations, community contribution can be in the form of cash, kind, or labour.

5.Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission

  • It adopts an integrated approach for conservation and augmentation of water sources for rural water supply.

Rural Electrification Rural Development Programmes

  • Prior to 2005, over 1,00,000 villages in India did not have electricity. To remedy this situation, the government had initiated Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyuthikaran Yojana (RGGVY) in April 2005.
  • Bharat Nirman was to reach electricity to the remaining villages and other remaining households.
  • The GOI has realized the need for involving the private sector in creating new and improving the existing infrastructure and is encouraging public-private partnership (PPP).
  • The PPP offers several advantages such as cost-saving, access to specialized expertise, proprietary technology, professional management and sharing of risks.

Flagship Elementary Education

  • Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
  • New Education Policy

Right to education

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)

  • Reduction in Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
  • Universal access to public health services such as women's health, child health, water, sanitation and hygiene, immunization, and nutrition.
  • Prevention and control of communicable and noncommunicable
  • Access to integrated comprehensive primary
  • Population stabilization, gender and demographic
  • Revitalize local health traditions and mainstream

Integrated Rural Energy Programme (IREP)

  • To provide for minimum domestic energy needs for cooking, heating and lighting purposes to rural people.
  • To provide the most cost-effective mix of various energy
  • To ensure people's participation in the planning and implementation.
  • To develop and strengthen mechanisms and coordination arrangements for linking micro-level planning.

The national Common Minimum Programme

  • It reiterates the cardinal importance of villages to the overall development of the country and commits to work towards development of rural areas.