On the basis of the passage given above, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Sustainable production of India's cereal food grains is impossible without the diversity of pollinating animals.
 2. Monoculture of horticultural crops hampers the survival of insects.
 3. Pollinators become scarce in cultivated areas devoid of natural vegetation.
 4. Diversity in insects induces diversity of plants.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

On the basis of the passage given above, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. BPA may alter embryonic development in vivo.
 2. Biochemical and cell-based assays are useful in finding out treatments for pollution-induced diseases.
 3. Embryonic stem cells could serve as a model to evaluate the physiological effects of environmental pollutants.
 Which of the above assumptions are valid?

On the basis of the passage given above, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Fig trees can often be keystone species in natural forests.
 2. Fig trees can grow where other large woody species cannot grow.
 3. Sacred trees can have a role in biodiversity conservation.
 4. Fig trees have a role in the seed dispersal of other tree species.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

On the basis of the passage given above, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. People who are obsessed with personal hygiene tend to ignore the community hygiene.
 2. Emergence of multi-drug resistant germs can be prevented by personal cleanliness.
 3. Entry of the market in the domain of hygiene increases the risk of infectious diseases.
 4. Scientific and micro-level interventions are not sufficient to bring down the burden of infectious diseases.
 5. It is community hygiene implemented through public health measures that is really effective in the battle against infectious diseases.
 Which of the above assumptions are valid?

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Oil producing countries are one of the reasons for high food prices.
 2. If there is a food crisis in the world in the near future, it will be in the emerging economies.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Rising GDP is essential for a country to be a developed country.
 2. Rising GDP guarantees a reasonable distribution of income to all households.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

What is the most logical assumption that can be made from the passage given above?

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Equality is a prerequisite for people to participate in the multiple transactions of society from a position of confidence.
 2. Occurrence of inequality is detrimental to the survival of democracy.
 3. Equal standing of all citizens is an idea that cannot actually be realised even in a democracy.
 4. Right to equality should be incorporated into our values and day-to-day political vocabulary.
 Which of the above assumptions are valid?

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Modern democracies rely on the market forces to enable them to be welfare states.
 2. Markets ensure sufficient economic growth necessary for democracies to be effective.
 3. Government programmes are needed for those left behind in economic growth.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. State should have some institutions ensure its appropriate role in a digital society.
 2. State should ensure that private parties do not violate the citizens' right to privacy.
 3. Digital economy is not compatible with the idea of not violating the citizens' privacy.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Relying on foreign investment in the long run is not an economically sound policy.
 2. Policies must be undertaken to reduce volatility in foreign private investment.
 3. Policies must be undertaken to strengthen domestic private investment.
 4. Public investment should be given priority over private investment.
 5. Substantial public investment in education and health should be undertaken.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Lower tax rates in a country invariably translate into greater investments in higher education.
 2. Investment in the education of children ensures their economic freedom.
 3. Economic freedom has a positive impact on building up human capital.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. High risks involved in holding maximum water in reservoirs are due to our over-dependence on hydropower projects.
 2. Storage capacity of dams should not be fully used before or during monsoon season.
 3. Role of dams in flood control is underestimated in India.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Genome editing does not require the transfer of genes from one plant to another.
 2. Through genome editing, the chosen genes can be altered precisely in a manner akin to the natural process that helps plants to adapt to the environmental factors.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. A society without well educated people cannot be transformed into a modern society.
 2. Without acquiring culture, a person's education is not complete.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Large scale soil erosion is a major reason for widespread food insecurity in the world.
 2. Soil erosion is mainly anthropogenic.
 3. Sustainable management of soils helps in combating climate change.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Economic power is the only reason for the existence of inequality in a society.
 2. Inequality of different kinds, income, wealth, etc. reinforces power.
 3. Economic power can be analysed more through its effects than by direct empirical methods.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Global warming has a bearing on the planet's biological evolution.
 2. Separation of land masses causes the release of huge quantities of carbon into the atmosphere.
 3. Increased warming of Earth's atmosphere can change the composition of its flora and fauna.
 4. The present man-made global warming will finally lead to conditions similar to those which happened 56 million years ago.
 Which of the assumptions given above are valid?

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.
 2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companies in future.
 3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Making equality of opportunity a reality is the fundamental goal of the Indian education system.
 2. The present Indian school system is unable to provide egalitarian education.
 3. Abolition of private schools and establishment of more government schools is the only way to ensure egalitarian education.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Food safety is a complex issue that calls for a multipronged solution.
 2. Great investments need to be made in developing manpower for surveillance and training.
 3. India needs to make sufficient legislation for governing food processing industry.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Regions of glaciers warm faster than other regions due to global warming.
 2. Global warming can lead to seafloor sedimentation in some areas.
 3. Melting glaciers can reduce marine biodiversity in some areas.

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.
 2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.
 3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earth's natural resilience.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Humans have been the main reason for the large scale extinction of plant species.
 2. Consumption of food mainly from locally cultivated crops ensures crop diversity.
 3. The present style of production and distribution of food will finally lead to the problem of food scarcity in the near future.
 4. Our food security may depend on our ability to preserve the locally cultivated varieties of crops.
 Which of the above assumptions are valid?

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. Climate change is not a challenge for developed countries.
 2. Climate change is a complex policy issue and also a development issue for many countries.
 3. Ways and means of finance must be found to enable developing countries to enhance their adaptive capacity.

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. India continues to be a developing country essentially due to its faulty education system.
 2. Today's learners need to acquire new-age skill-sets.
 3. A good number of Indians go to some developed countries for education because the educational systems there are a perfect reflection of the societies in which they function.
 Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. People always see the leisure time as a gift and use it for acquiring more material possessions.
 2. Use of leisure by some people to produce new and original things has been the chief source of human progress.
 Which of these assumptions is/are valid?

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
 1. A study of the famous battles of history would help us understand the modern warfare.
 2. Studying the history is essential for anyone who aspires to be a leader.
 Which of these assumptions is/are valid?

Which among the following is the most logical and rational assumption that can be made from the above passage?

With reference to the above passage, which of the following is the most valid assumption?

Which among the following is the most logical and rational assumption that can be made from the above passage?

Which among the following is the most logical assumption that can be made from the above passage?

"If political leadership fails to emerge, there is likelihood of military taking over power in developing countries. Radical student groups or labour may try to raise revolution but they are not likely to compete with the military. Military intervention, rule, and withdrawal from politics is closely related to a society's level of political development." In the context of political development, the assumption in the above passage is that