Q 14. Article 6 of the Paris Agreement (Environment)

Q14. Consider the following statements:
 1. Statement I: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change is frequently discussed in global discussions on sustainable development and climate change.
 2. Statement II: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change sets out the principles of carbon markets.
 3. Statement III: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change intends to promote inter-country non-market strategies to reach their climate targets.
 Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
Answer: a
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1. Correct Answer: Option A: Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I.
 2. Explanation:
     ● Statement I is correct: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement is frequently discussed in global discussions on sustainable development and climate change. This is because it provides mechanisms for international cooperation in achieving Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It allows countries to voluntarily cooperate through both carbon markets and non-market approaches, promoting sustainable development and environmental integrity.  
     ● Statement II is correct: Article 6 sets out the principles for carbon markets. It provides a framework for international cooperation on emissions reductions, enabling countries to work together through carbon trading and other mechanisms to achieve their climate targets. This includes the transfer of emission reductions between countries to help meet their NDCs.  
     ● Statement III is correct: Article 6 also promotes inter-country non-market strategies to reach climate targets. It facilitates both market-based and non-market-based international cooperation, allowing countries to collaborate in reducing emissions and meeting their NDCs. This includes non-market approaches such as finance, technology transfer, and capacity building.  
     ● Both Statement II and Statement III explain Statement I: Article 6's provisions for carbon markets and non-market strategies are central to its frequent discussion in global climate change and sustainable development forums. These mechanisms are crucial for international cooperation in achieving climate targets, thus explaining why Article 6 is a focal point in these discussions.  
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Q 16. Direct Air Capture Technology and Its Applications (Environment and Ecology)

Q16. With reference to 'Direct Air Capture', an emerging technology, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. It can be used as a way of carbon sequestration.
2. It can be a valuable approach for plastic production and in food processing.
3. In aviation, it can be a source of carbon for combining with hydrogen to create synthetic low-carbon fuel.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

a) I and II only
b) III only
c) I, II and III
d) None of the above statements is correct
Answer: c
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1. Correct Answer: Option C: I, II and III
 2. Explanation:
     ● Statement I is correct: Direct Air Capture (DAC) is indeed a method used for carbon sequestration. This process, known as Direct Air Carbon Capture and Sequestration (DACCS), involves extracting carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from the atmosphere using chemical or physical processes. The captured CO2 is then stored long-term, effectively removing it from the atmosphere and helping to mitigate climate change.  
     ● Statement II is correct: DAC can be a valuable approach for plastic production and food processing. The CO2 captured from the atmosphere can be used as a feedstock in the production of certain types of plastics. Additionally, in food processing, CO2 can be utilized in various ways, such as carbonation or as a raw material for producing other compounds.  
     ● Statement III is correct: In aviation, DAC technology can be used to create synthetic low-carbon fuels. The process involves capturing CO2 from the atmosphere and combining it with hydrogen, which can be produced using renewable energy sources. This combination can produce synthetic fuels, such as e-fuels, which are considered low-carbon alternatives to traditional fossil fuels used in aviation.  
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

Consider the following activities: 1. Spreading finely ground basalt rock on farmlands extensively 2. Increasing the alkalinity of oceans by adding lime 3. Capturing carbon dioxide released by various industries and pumping it into abandoned subterranean mines in the form of carbonated waters How many of the above activities are often considered and discussed for carbon capture and sequestration?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None
Answer: c
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

Consider the following statements: 1. Statement 1: The United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) and the Arbor Day Foundation have recently recognized Hyderabad as 2020 Tree City of the World. 2. Statement 2: Hyderabad was selected for the recognition for a year following its commitment to grow and maintain the urban forests. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

a) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1
b) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is not the correct explanation of Statement 1
c) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is not correct
d) Statement 1 is not correct but Statement 2 is correct
Answer: d
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

Which of the following statements are correct about the deposits of ‘methane hydrate’? 1. Global warming might trigger the release of methane gas from these deposits. 2. Large deposits of ‘methane hydrate’ are found in Arctic Tundra and under the seafloor. 3. Methane in atmosphere oxidizes to carbon dioxide after a decade or two. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: d
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

The term “sixth mass extinction/sixth extinction” is often mentioned in the news in the context of the discussion of

a) Widespread monoculture practices in agriculture and large-scale commercial farming with indiscrimination use of chemicals in many parts of the world that may result in the loss of good native ecosystems.
b) Fears of a possible collision of a meteorite with the Earth in the near future in the manner it happened 65 million years ago that caused the mass extinction of many species including those of dinosaurs.
c) Large scale cultivation of genetically modified crops in many parts of the world and promoting their cultivation in other parts of the world which may cause the disappearance of good native crop plants and the loss of food biodiversity.
d) Mankind’s over-exploitation/misuse of natural resources, fragmentation/ loss of natural habitats, destruction of ecosystems, pollution and global climate change.
Answer: d
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

In the context of mitigating the impending global warming due to anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, which of the following can be the potential sites for carbon sequestration? 1. Abandoned and uneconomic coal seams 2. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs 3. Subterranean deep saline formations Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: d
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

The scientific view is that the increase in global temperature should not exceed 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial level. If the global temperature increases beyond 3 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial level, what can be its possible impact/impacts on the world? 1. Terrestrial biosphere tends toward a net carbon source. 2. Widespread coral mortality will occur. 3. All the global wetlands will permanently disappear. 4. Cultivation of cereals will not be possible anywhere in the world. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: b
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

Consider the following statements: Chlorofluorocarbons, known as ozone-depleting substances, are used 1. in the production of plastic foams 2. in the production of tubeless tyres 3. in cleaning certain electronic components 4. as pressurizing agents in the aerosol cans Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 4 only
c) 1, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: c
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

The increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the air is slowly raising the temperature of the atmosphere, because it absorbs

a) the water vapor of the air and retains its heat
b) the ultraviolet part of the solar radiation
c) all the solar radiations
d) the infrared part of the solar radiation
Answer: d
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

Consider the following agricultural practices: 1. Contour bunding 2. Relay cropping 3. Zero tillage In the context of global climate change, which of the above helps/help in carbon sequestration/storage in the soil?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 3 only
c) 1, 2 and 3 only
d) None of them
Answer: c
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

The formation of ozone hole in the Antarctic region has been a cause of concern. What could be the reason for the formation of this hole?

a) Presence of prominent tropospheric turbulence; and inflow of chlorofluorocarbons
b) Presence of prominent polar front and stratospheric clouds; and inflow of chlorofluorocarbons
c) Absence of polar front and stratospheric clouds; and inflow of methane and chlorofluorocarbons
d) Increased temperature at the polar region due to global warming
Answer: b
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

Due to their extensive rice cultivation, some regions may be contributing to global warming. To what possible reason/reasons is this attributable? 1. The anaerobic conditions associated with rice cultivation cause the emission of methane 2. When nitrogen-based fertilizers are used, nitrous oxide is emitted from the cultivated soil Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: c
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

Consider the following which can be found in the ambient atmosphere: 1. Soot 2. Sulphur hexafluoride 3. Water vapour Which of the above contributes to the warming up of the atmosphere?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: d
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Q . CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

What are the possible limitations of India in mitigating global warming at present and in the immediate future? 1. Appropriate alternate technologies are not sufficiently available 2. India cannot invest huge funds in research and development 3. Many developed countries have already set up their polluting industries in India Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: a
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