UNTOC & UNCAC ( UPSC Prelims)

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News Context

 ● UNTOC and UNCAC have been recently cited by India in the case of extraditing a fugitive.  
      ○ These conventions are being utilized to support the extradition request.

The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC)

     ○ A UN treaty aimed at tackling transnational organized crime was adopted in 2000 and became effective in 2003.
      ○ It is accompanied by three protocols that focus on human trafficking, migrant smuggling, and the illicit manufacturing and trafficking of firearms.
      ○ Known as the UNTOC or Palermo Convention, it stands as the sole global, legally binding tool that requires governments to commit to and collaborate in the fight against organized crime.
      ○ The UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) acts as the Secretariat for the UNTOC.

The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC)

 ● Legally Binding Universal Instrument: Adopted in 2000 and became effective in 2003.  
  ● Comprehensive Coverage: Addresses various forms of corruption, such as bribery and embezzlement.  
  ● Key Focus Areas: Emphasizes prevention, criminalization, international cooperation, and asset recovery.