PSIR Paper 2 UPSC 2023 - Question Paper with Solutions 

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PSIR 1. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:

PSIR 1a. What are the crucial functions of empirical political theory in Comparative Politics ? UPSC 2023, 10 Marks

PSIR 1b. What are the difficulties faced by a political theorist in comparing the States? UPSC 2023, 10 Marks

PSIR 1c. How does democratic politics construct citizenship?  2023, 10 Marks

PSIR 1d What is the structure and functions of International Court of Justice ? 2023,  10 marks

PSIR 1e Discuss the structure and functions of UN Security Council. 2023, 10 marks

PSIR 2a. Discuss the relevance of the normative ethos of the Non-Aligned Movement in magnifying India's soft power in pursuit of her national Interest. UPSC 2023, 20 Marks

PSIR 2b. In what ways does the functionalist approach in International relations help in maintaining peace and order in global politics? USPC 2023, 15 Marks

PSIR 2c. How does the regime change and political crisis in Myanmar threaten regional security and peace? UPSC 2023, 15 Marks

PSIR 3a. "During the Cold War, the Non-Aligned Movement tried to become a 'Third force' in World Politics, but failed because it was too large and unwieldy. " Discuss. UPSC 2023, 20 Marks

PSIR 3b. Account for the rise of European Union as a highly influential regional organisation. UPSC 2023, 15 Marks

PSIR 3c. Narrate the various ways in which rapid environmental degradation is posing a serious threat to human security. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples. UPSC 2023, 15 Marks

PSIR 4a. Critically examine the impact of Globalisation on the developing countries of the world. UPSC 2023, 20 Marks

PSIR 4b. What do you mean by offensive and defensive realism? UPSC 2023, 15 Marks

PSIR 4c. Discuss the various constraints on American hegemony today. Which of these are likely to become more prominent in the future? UPSC 2023, 15 Marks

PSIR 5a. Explain the major features of India's Foreign Policy in the 21st century. UPSC 2023, 10 Marks 

PSIR 5b. What are the reasons for lack of 'regionness' in South Asia? UPSC 2023, 10 Marks 

PSIR 5c. Why is the compromise reached at WTO regarding the Covid-19 vaccine manufacturing not a Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) waiver ? UPSC 2023, 10 Marks 

PSIR 5d. Why do ethnic conflicts and insurgencies continue to remain major impediments to regional co-operation in South Asia? UPSC 2023, 10 Marks 

PSIR 5e. What diplomatic steps has India taken to articulate the interests of the Global South in International Politics? UPSC 2023, 10 Marks

PSIR 6a. Arms trade, economic ties and congruent geo-political interests are no longer the three pillars of India - Russia relationship in the emerging strategic context. Comment. UPSC 2023, 20 Marks 

PSIR 6b. Discuss the importance of India's role in UN peacekeeping operations as a ground for its claim to a permanent seat in the UN Security Council. UPSC 2023, 15 Marks

PSIR 6c. Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) performs an important role in India's strategic balancing act to withstand the dominance of China in Asia. Discuss. UPSC 2023, 15 Marks

PSIR 7a. "India's Nuclear policy is deeply influenced by its cultural beliefs and the pragmatic approach of its foreign policy." Discuss. UPSC 2023, 20 Marks

PSIR 7b. What steps has India taken to regain its foothold in Afghanistan since the Taliban has taken over the country in August 2021? UPSC 2023, 15 Marks

PSIR 7c. What are the challenges and limitations in India - Iran relations? UPSC 2023, 15 Marks

PSIR 8a. What are the external determinants of the Foreign Policy of a State? UPSC 2023, 20 Marks 

PSIR 8b. Discuss the significance of "West Asia Quad" in the light of India's 'Look West' policy. UPSC 2023, 15 Marks

PSIR 8c. Discuss the major drivers of India's interests in Africa. UPSC 2023, 15 Marks

PSIR Optional UPSC Paper 2023 Solutions with Analysis

Choosing the right optional subject is a crucial decision for aspirants of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Civil Services Examination. Among the myriad of optional subjects available, Political Science and International Relations (PSIR) is a popular choice for many aspirants. PSIR is not only intellectually stimulating but also provides an in-depth understanding of political systems, theories, and international affairs. 

Why Choose PSIR as an Optional Subject?

1. Interest and Aptitude:

   - If you have a genuine interest in politics, governance, and international relations, PSIR is an excellent choice.

   - Strong analytical and writing skills are essential for PSIR, making it suitable for those who excel in these areas.

2. Availability of Study Material:

   - A wealth of study material, books, and resources are available for PSIR, making it easier to prepare.

   - The subject has a well-structured syllabus, making it convenient to cover.

3. Scoring Potential:

   - PSIR has a reputation for being a scoring subject if prepared diligently.

   - The subjective nature of the subject allows you to present your arguments and ideas effectively.

4. Overlap with General Studies (GS):

   - There's significant overlap between PSIR and GS papers, especially in Paper 2 (International Relations).

   - This reduces the burden of preparing an additional subject.

Analysis of Past Question Papers

To excel in PSIR, it's crucial to understand the pattern and trends of UPSC question papers. Here's an analysis of past question papers:

Paper 1 (Political Theory and Indian Politics):

   - Questions in this paper are designed to test the candidate's understanding of political theory, political thought, and Indian politics.

   - Focus areas include the works of political philosophers, Indian political thinkers, and contemporary political issues.

   - Recent papers have featured questions on topics like secularism, feminism, and the Indian Constitution.

Paper 2 (Comparative Politics and International Relations):

   - Paper 2 primarily covers topics related to comparative politics and international relations.

   - Questions often revolve around global issues, foreign policy, and comparative analysis of political systems.

   - Recent papers have focused on subjects like climate change, terrorism, and the role of international organizations.

Strategies for Success

1. Start Early: Begin your PSIR preparation early to cover the vast syllabus systematically.

2. Understand Concepts: Develop a deep understanding of political theories, thinkers, and international relations concepts.

3. Practice Answer Writing: Regularly practice answer writing to improve your writing skills and learn how to structure your answers effectively.

4. Current Affairs: Stay updated with current affairs, especially in international relations, as this is crucial for Paper 2.

5. Revision: Revise your notes and important topics regularly to retain the information effectively.

6. Mocks and Test Series: Enroll in a good test series to evaluate your preparation and get feedback on your performance.

7. Interdisciplinary Approach: Relate PSIR concepts to current events and other GS subjects to provide a holistic perspective.

8. Balance Between Paper 1 and Paper 2: Allocate your study time wisely between both papers, as both are equally important.

Conclusion

Political Science and International Relations (PSIR) can be a rewarding optional subject for UPSC aspirants who have a keen interest in political and international affairs. By understanding the syllabus, analyzing past question papers, and following a structured preparation strategy, you can master this subject and increase your chances of success in the UPSC Civil Services Examination. Remember that consistency, dedication, and a clear understanding of the subject matter are the keys to excelling in PSIR.