PSIR 5e. What diplomatic steps has India taken to articulate the interests of the Global South in International Politics? UPSC 2023, 10 Marks

Introduction

India has actively pursued diplomatic efforts to represent and articulate the interests of the Global South in international politics. Here are some key steps and initiatives taken by India in this regard:

1. Non-Aligned Movement (NAM):

Founding Member: India played a pivotal role in founding the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961. NAM aims to promote the interests of countries that are not aligned with any major power bloc and advocates for the rights of the Global South.

2. South-South Cooperation:

Bilateral Agreements: India has engaged in numerous bilateral agreements and partnerships with countries in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. These agreements focus on trade, technology transfer, and capacity-building.

3. BRICS:

Member of BRICS: India is a member of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), a group of emerging economies that advocate for a more equitable global order. BRICS promotes cooperation on economic, political, and security issues.

4. G77:

Active Participant: India is an active participant in the Group of 77 (G77), a coalition of developing countries at the United Nations. G77 works to address economic and developmental challenges faced by the Global South.

5. Climate Change Negotiations:

Leadership in COP Negotiations: India has played a significant role in climate change negotiations, advocating for the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities." It highlights the need for developed countries to take the lead in addressing climate change.

6. WTO and Trade Issues:

Doha Development Agenda: India has been a key advocate for the Doha Development Agenda in the World Trade Organization (WTO), emphasizing the importance of addressing trade imbalances and development concerns.

7. Peacekeeping Operations:

Largest Contributor: India has consistently been one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping operations, demonstrating its commitment to global peace and security.

8. Vaccine Diplomacy:

COVID-19 Vaccine Supply: During the COVID-19 pandemic, India supplied vaccines to several countries in the Global South. This vaccine diplomacy aimed to support these nations in their fight against the pandemic.

9. Humanitarian Assistance:

Disaster Relief: India has provided humanitarian assistance to countries in times of natural disasters and crises, showcasing solidarity with the Global South.

10. United Nations Reforms:

Demand for UNSC Reform: India has been actively advocating for the reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to make it more representative and inclusive, reflecting the interests of the Global South.

11. Bilateral Engagements:

Engagement with African and Asian Nations: India has strengthened its ties with African and Asian nations through various bilateral engagements, including trade partnerships, capacity-building programs, and cultural exchanges.

12. COVID-19 Initiatives:

Coordination in Pandemic Response: India has engaged in international forums to discuss coordinated responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in sharing knowledge and resources with countries facing challenges in healthcare infrastructure.

13. Soft Power Diplomacy:

Cultural Exchanges: India promotes cultural diplomacy through initiatives like the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) and hosting cultural festivals, showcasing its diverse heritage to the world.

Conclusion:

India's diplomatic efforts to represent the interests of the Global South demonstrate its commitment to a more equitable and just international order. By engaging in various forums, initiatives, and partnerships, India continues to advocate for the development and empowerment of countries in the Global South on the global stage.