PSIR 7a. "India's Nuclear policy is deeply influenced by its cultural beliefs and the pragmatic approach of its foreign policy." Discuss. UPSC 2023, 20 Marks

Introduction:

India's nuclear policy is a complex interplay of cultural beliefs and pragmatic foreign policy considerations. In this discussion, we explore how these elements shape India's approach to nuclear weapons:

Cultural Heritage: India's rich cultural heritage has played a significant role in shaping its perspective on nuclear weapons. Concepts like "Ahimsa" (non-violence) from ancient Indian philosophy continue to influence its nuclear stance.

Cultural Influence:

Ahimsa and Dharma: The principles of Ahimsa and Dharma, which emphasize non-violence and moral duty, have deep roots in Indian culture. These principles often resonate in India's nuclear disarmament advocacy.

Pragmatic Considerations:

Security Concerns: India's pragmatic approach to nuclear weapons is primarily driven by security concerns. It lives in a volatile neighborhood with nuclear-armed adversaries, making it imperative to ensure its national security.

Deterrence: India views nuclear weapons as a means of deterrence against potential threats, deterring adversaries from engaging in aggressive actions.

Historical Perspective:

Nuclear Tests: India's nuclear tests in 1998 marked a pivotal moment in its nuclear policy. They were driven by a combination of security concerns and the need to assert its position in global geopolitics.
Foreign Policy Considerations:

Non-Alignment: India's non-aligned foreign policy further underscores its commitment to peaceful coexistence and nuclear disarmament, reflecting its cultural inclination towards diplomacy and dialogue.

Global Leadership: India seeks to be a responsible global leader and advocate for nuclear disarmament, emphasizing the need for the elimination of nuclear weapons.

Significance on the Global Stage:

Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG): India's cultural beliefs and pragmatic foreign policy approach have influenced its bid to join the NSG, highlighting its commitment to peaceful nuclear cooperation.
Challenges:

Security Challenges: India faces complex security challenges, including border disputes and terrorism, which continue to influence its nuclear policies.

Global Dynamics: Evolving global dynamics, including the arms race among major powers, also impact India's nuclear stance.

Contemporary Examples:

Nuclear Doctrine: India's No First Use (NFU) policy and commitment to credible minimum deterrence reflect its cultural aversion to nuclear aggression.

Nuclear Deal: The U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Agreement of 2008 showcases India's efforts to harmonize its cultural beliefs with its quest for energy security.

Conclusion:

India's nuclear policy is a unique blend of cultural values deeply rooted in its history and the pragmatic demands of its national security and foreign policy. These elements have shaped India's responsible and cautious approach to nuclear weapons while advocating for a world free from the threat of nuclear conflict.