PSIR 4a. Buddhist thought on Dhamma facilitates the emancipation of political action. Explain. UPSC 2023, 20 Marks

Introduction:

Buddhism, one of the world's major religions, has had a profound impact not only on spiritual and ethical realms but also on the political sphere. Central to Buddhist thought is the concept of Dhamma, which goes beyond religious teachings and holds the potential to guide and emancipate political action.

This article explores how Buddhist thought on Dhamma influences and facilitates political action.

Background:

Dhamma Defined: In Buddhism, Dhamma encompasses the teachings of the Buddha, the natural law, and the ethical and moral principles that govern human conduct.

Significance of Dhamma in Political Action:

1. Moral Foundations:

Ahimsa (Non-Violence): Dhamma advocates non-violence, emphasizing peaceful coexistence and conflict resolution through dialogue, making it a cornerstone for ethical political action.

Righteousness: Dhamma encourages leaders to act justly and uphold moral values in governance, fostering social harmony and stability.

2. Social Welfare and Compassion:

Karuna (Compassion): Buddhism places a strong emphasis on compassion for all sentient beings, which extends to addressing the suffering and needs of the populace in political decision-making.

Charity and Welfare: Buddhist rulers historically engaged in acts of charity and promoted social welfare, aligning political action with the welfare of citizens.

3. Egalitarian Principles:

Equality: Dhamma promotes equality and inclusivity, challenging political systems that perpetuate discrimination or inequality.

Meritocracy: Buddhist monarchs historically favored leaders based on merit rather than birthright, impacting political leadership structures.

4. Ethical Governance:

Righteous Leadership: Buddhist rulers were expected to govern ethically, shunning corruption and self-interest, which has implications for contemporary political leaders.

Accountability: Dhamma encourages leaders to be accountable for their actions and decisions, fostering responsible governance.

Thinkers' Perspectives:

1. Ashoka the Great:

Emperor Ashoka embraced Buddhism and adopted Dhamma as the guiding principle of his empire, which had a transformative impact on governance and administration.

2. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar:

Dr. Ambedkar, the chief architect of the Indian Constitution, was deeply influenced by Buddhism. He incorporated principles of justice, equality, and social welfare into the constitution.

Contemporary Examples:

1. Bhutan's Gross National Happiness (GNH):

Bhutan's GNH index, rooted in Buddhist values, measures well-being and happiness alongside economic indicators, reflecting a political commitment to holistic development.

2. Sri Lanka's Engagements:

Sri Lanka's political discourse often involves references to Buddhist principles, reflecting the intertwined relationship between Buddhism and governance.

Conclusion:

Buddhist thought on Dhamma provides a unique framework for political action, emphasizing moral principles, compassion, and ethical governance. While it may not prescribe a specific political system, it offers a moral compass that can guide leaders and policymakers toward more humane, just, and compassionate governance. In an era marked by political challenges, the integration of Dhamma-inspired values can contribute to a more ethical and harmonious political landscape.