PSIR 1d What is the structure and functions of International Court of Justice

Structure of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)

1. Judges

The ICJ consists of 15 judges who are elected for nine-year terms by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council.

Judges must have qualifications in international law, and their elections aim for a balance between different regions of the world.

2. President and Vice President

The President is elected by the judges and serves a three-year term.

The Vice President assists the President and acts as the President when necessary.

3. Registry

The Registry is the administrative organ of the ICJ, responsible for the Court's day-to-day operations and support to judges.

It also helps in the communication between parties involved in cases.

Functions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)

1. Settlement of Legal Disputes

The primary function of the ICJ is to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states. This includes disputes related to territorial boundaries, treaties, and state responsibility.

2. Advisory Opinions

The ICJ provides advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by UN organs and specialized agencies.

These opinions offer legal guidance but are not binding.

3. Interpretation of Treaties

When states parties to a treaty have a dispute over its interpretation or application, they can request the ICJ to provide a binding interpretation.

4. State Responsibility

The ICJ determines the legal responsibility of states for actions that breach international law.

It can award reparations or compensation to the injured state.

5. Reviewing Customary International Law

The ICJ's decisions and opinions contribute to the development and clarification of customary international law.

6. Promoting Peaceful Settlement of Disputes

The ICJ plays a crucial role in promoting peaceful dispute resolution and the rule of law in international relations.

7. Contributing to World Peace

By resolving disputes between states, the ICJ contributes to the maintenance of international peace and security, which is one of its primary purposes according to the UN Charter.

8. Promoting the Rule of Law

The ICJ's decisions and opinions are considered authoritative interpretations of international law, strengthening the rule of law in the international community.

Conclusion

The International Court of Justice is a vital component of the international legal system. Its structure and functions are designed to promote peaceful dispute resolution, uphold international law, and contribute to the maintenance of world peace and security.