PSIR 6a. Arms trade, economic ties and congruent geo-political interests are no longer the three pillars of India - Russia relationship in the emerging strategic context. Comment. UPSC 2023, 20 Marks
While arms trade, economic ties, and congruent geopolitical interests remain significant aspects of the India-Russia relationship, the evolving strategic context has led to a broader and more diversified partnership. Both nations recognize the need to adapt to new geopolitical realities while preserving the historical bond that underpins their strategic cooperation.
Evolution of India-Russia Relationship: Emerging Strategic Context
The India-Russia relationship has evolved significantly in the emerging strategic context. While arms trade, economic ties, and congruent geopolitical interests were once central, the dynamics have shifted. Here is an analysis of this evolving relationship:
1. Historical Ties:
Historical Friendship: India and Russia share a long history of friendship dating back to the Soviet era. This historical bond continues to be a foundation of the relationship.
2. Defense Cooperation:
Diversified Defense Ties: Defense cooperation remains robust, with India being a significant buyer of Russian military equipment. However, the nature of defense collaboration has evolved, focusing on joint production and technology transfer.
3. Geopolitical Realities:
Changing Geopolitical Landscape: The geopolitical context has changed with the rise of new powers and evolving alliances. Russia's pivot towards China and India's closer ties with the United States have altered the traditional strategic dynamics.
4. Economic Relations:
Economic Diversification: Economic ties have expanded beyond arms trade. Both countries are working to diversify their economic engagement, focusing on sectors like energy, trade, and investments.
5. Energy Cooperation:
Energy Partnership: Energy cooperation has become a crucial aspect of the relationship. India's energy needs align with Russia's vast energy resources, leading to collaborations in the oil and gas sector.
6. Connectivity and Infrastructure:
North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC): India, Russia, and Iran are working on the INSTC project, aiming to enhance connectivity and trade by providing an alternative route between Asia and Europe.
7. Multilateral Engagements:
BRICS and SCO: Both countries are members of BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), where they collaborate on regional and global issues, including counterterrorism and economic cooperation.
8. Diplomatic Coordination:
Diplomatic Collaboration: India and Russia often coordinate their positions on international issues, particularly within the United Nations, to uphold shared interests and principles.
9. People-to-People Ties:
Cultural Exchanges: Cultural and educational exchanges continue to strengthen the bond between the two nations, fostering people-to-people ties.
10. Emerging Challenges:
New Challenges: Emerging challenges, such as cybersecurity threats and non-traditional security concerns, have also brought India and Russia closer in terms of strategic coordination.
11. Adaptability:
Adapting to New Realities: Both countries have shown adaptability in navigating the changing global order, seeking ways to maintain a balanced and mutually beneficial relationship.
Conclusion:
While arms trade, economic ties, and congruent geopolitical interests remain significant aspects of the India-Russia relationship, the evolving strategic context has led to a broader and more diversified partnership. Both nations recognize the need to adapt to new geopolitical realities while preserving the historical bond that underpins their strategic cooperation.