Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society. (150 words) (UPSC GS 1 2023/10 Marks)

Introduction

According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data, suicide rates among young women (15-29 years) in India increased from 8.7 in 2014 to 11.0 per lakhs in 2022.

The increasing prevalence of suicide among young women in Indian society is a complex issue influenced by a variety of factors.

Reasons for Increasing Suicide Among Young Women in India

1. Social Pressure and Expectations:

   - Women in India often face immense pressure to conform to traditional gender roles and societal expectations.

   - Example: The pressure to excel academically, marry at a certain age, and fulfill familial duties can lead to stress and feelings of inadequacy.

2. Mental Health Stigma:

   - Stigma surrounding mental health issues prevents many young women from seeking help or discussing their emotional struggles openly.

   - Example: Fear of social judgment or being labeled as "mentally ill" can deter individuals from seeking therapy or counseling.

3. Gender-Based Violence:

   - The prevalence of gender-based violence, including domestic abuse and sexual harassment, can lead to severe emotional trauma.

   - Example: High-profile cases like the Nirbhaya gang rape in Delhi have highlighted the issue of violence against women in India.

4. Educational and Economic Disparities:

   - Limited access to education and employment opportunities can result in a sense of hopelessness among young women.

   - Example: The gender gap in literacy rates and workforce participation remains a significant challenge in many parts of India.

5. Online Harassment and Cyberbullying:

   - The rise of digital technology has exposed young women to online harassment and cyberbullying, which can have detrimental effects on mental health.

   - Example: Instances of online harassment and threats on social media platforms have been widely reported.

6. Arranged Marriages and Relationship Pressures:

   - Traditional arranged marriages can put significant stress on young women to conform to familial expectations.

   - Example: The pressure to accept an arranged marriage, even if it conflicts with personal desires, can lead to emotional distress.

7. Lack of Support Systems:

   - Insufficient support from family, friends, or community resources can exacerbate feelings of isolation and despair.

   - Example: A lack of understanding and empathy from family members can isolate young women further.

8. Media and Body Image Issues:

   - Media portrayals of beauty standards can negatively impact self-esteem and body image among young women.

   - Example: The popularity of fairness creams and the promotion of certain body types in the entertainment industry can contribute to self-esteem issues.

9. Peer Pressure and Bullying:

   - Peer pressure and bullying in schools or colleges can lead to emotional distress and a sense of hopelessness.

   - Example: Cases of student suicides due to academic pressure and bullying have been reported in various parts of India.

10. Inadequate Mental Health Services:

    - Limited access to quality mental health services, especially in rural areas, hinders early intervention and treatment.

    - Example: The shortage of mental health professionals and facilities in India is a well-documented challenge.

Conclusion

Addressing the rising suicide rates among young women in Indian society requires a multi-faceted approach that includes destigmatizing mental health issues, improving access to mental health services, empowering women, and creating a more supportive and inclusive environment.