Correct Answer:

B: Vajji

Explanation of Options:

Option A: Magadha  
 • Incorrect. Magadha was a powerful kingdom and not a gana/sangha.
 • It was ruled by monarchs and became a significant center of power in ancient India.
 • Magadha played a crucial role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism.
 • The kingdom expanded under rulers like Bimbisara and Ajatashatru.

Option B: Vajji  
 • Correct. Vajji was a gana/sangha, which means it was governed by an oligarchic system.
 • It was a confederation of eight clans, with the Licchavis being the most prominent.
 • The governance was characterized by a council of representatives from each clan.
 • Vajji is known for its democratic practices and was mentioned in Buddhist texts.

Option C: Avanti  
 • Incorrect. Avanti was a kingdom, not a gana/sangha.
 • It was one of the prominent Mahajanapadas with its capital at Ujjain.
 • Avanti was known for its strategic location and trade routes.
 • The kingdom played a significant role in the political landscape of ancient India.

Option D: Kosala  
 • Incorrect. Kosala was a kingdom, not a gana/sangha.
 • It was ruled by monarchs and was a significant power in northern India.
 • Kosala is often associated with the city of Ayodhya and the epic Ramayana.
 • The kingdom had cultural and political influence during its time.