1. Correct Answer:
 • A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

2. Explanation:

 • Option A (Shield Volcano - Hawaii):  
 • Shield volcanoes are characterized by their broad, shield-like shape and are primarily built by the flow of low-viscosity basaltic lava.
 • Hawaii is home to some of the most famous shield volcanoes, such as Mauna Loa and Kilauea.
 • These volcanoes are known for their relatively gentle eruptions compared to other types.
 • The Hawaiian Islands themselves are formed from a series of shield volcanoes.

 • Option B (Composite Volcano - Indonesia):  
 • Composite volcanoes, also known as stratovolcanoes, are characterized by a conical shape and are composed of multiple layers of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash.
 • Indonesia is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire and has numerous active composite volcanoes, such as Mount Merapi and Mount Bromo.
 • These volcanoes are known for their explosive eruptions due to the high viscosity of their magma.
 • Indonesia's location on tectonic plate boundaries contributes to its volcanic activity.

 • Option C (Caldera - Philippines):  
 • Calderas are large, basin-like depressions formed when a volcano erupts and collapses.
 • The Philippines, also part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, has several calderas, such as Taal Volcano, which is known for its large caldera lake.
 • Calderas can form from both explosive eruptions and the gradual subsidence of a volcano.
 • The presence of calderas in the Philippines is due to its tectonic setting and volcanic activity.

 • Option D (Flood Basalt Provinces - India):  
 • Flood basalt provinces are characterized by extensive, thick layers of basaltic lava flows that cover large areas.
 • The Deccan Traps in India are one of the largest flood basalt provinces in the world.
 • These formations are the result of massive volcanic eruptions that occurred around 66 million years ago.
 • The Deccan Traps are significant in geological history and are associated with the mass extinction event that included the demise of the dinosaurs.