●  According to the CPI’s official history, the party was founded in late 1925 in Kanpur

●  Earlier in the decade, however, a number of people, both within and outside India, attempted to establish a communist presence on the subcontinent.

●  Notable was a manifesto issued in 1920 in Tashkent by Manabendra Nath Roy (who would become the party’s first leader), Abani Mukherji, and Roy’s wife Evelyn that called for the creation of a communist party in India.

●  The CPI’s initial objectives combined militant anti-imperialist patriotism with internationalism to create a movement parallel to the nonviolent civil disobedience (satyagraha) campaigns led by Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.