• On 6th April 1930, Mahatma Gandhi made the iconic statement "Sedition has become my religion" at Dandi.
• This declaration came as he broke the Salt Law, marking a pivotal moment in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Gandhi picked up a handful of salt, symbolizing the Indian people's rejection of unjust British laws and colonial rule.
• He described British rule as morally, materially, culturally, and spiritually destructive for India.
• Gandhi considered the British government a curse that must be ended.
• He emphasized that his fight was non-violent, stating that while they would harm no one, it was their duty (dharma) to eliminate the oppressive system.
• The phrase "Sedition has become my religion" reflected his moral commitment to resist British authority through civil disobedience.

 ● Location: Champaran district, Bihar, India.  
 ● Year: 1917.  
 ● Leader: Mahatma Gandhi led the movement, marking his first active involvement in Indian freedom struggle.  
 ● Cause: The movement was against the oppressive Tinkathia system, where farmers were forced to grow indigo on a portion of their land by British planters.  
 ● Trigger: Farmers faced exploitation and were forced to sell indigo at prices fixed by the British, leading to severe economic distress.  
 ● Gandhi's Arrival: Gandhi was invited by local leaders like Raj Kumar Shukla to address the grievances of the farmers.  
 ● Method: Gandhi employed Satyagraha, a non-violent method of protest, to challenge the British authorities.  
 ● Government Response: The British government initially tried to suppress the movement but later formed the Champaran Agrarian Committee to investigate the issues.  
 ● Outcome: The committee's recommendations led to the abolition of the Tinkathia system, providing relief to the farmers.  
 ● Significance for Gandhi: Champaran Satyagraha was Gandhi's first successful application of Satyagraha in India, establishing him as a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement.  
 ● Key Associates: Prominent figures like Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, and J.B. Kripalani supported Gandhi during the movement.

 ● Date and Duration: The Dandi March began on March 12, 1930, and concluded on April 6, 1930.  
 ● Leader: Led by Mahatma Gandhi, a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement.  
 ● Objective: The march was a direct action campaign against the British salt monopoly and the Salt Tax imposed by the British colonial government.  
 ● Starting Point: The march commenced from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.  
 ● Destination: The march concluded at Dandi, a coastal village in Gujarat, where Gandhi broke the salt laws by making salt from seawater.  
 ● Distance Covered: The march covered approximately 240 miles (about 385 kilometers).  
 ● Participants: Initially, 78 followers accompanied Gandhi, but the number grew as the march progressed.  
 ● Significance of Salt: Salt was chosen as a symbol because it was a basic necessity and the British monopoly on its production and sale affected every Indian.  
 ● Civil Disobedience Movement: The Dandi March marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement, a significant phase in the Indian struggle for independence.  
 ● British Response: The march and subsequent acts of civil disobedience led to the arrest of thousands, including Gandhi himself.  
 ● International Attention: The march drew global attention to the Indian independence movement and highlighted the oppressive nature of British colonial rule.

● Date and Location: Held from September 7 to December 1, 1931, in London.  
 ● Purpose: Aimed to discuss constitutional reforms in India following the First Round Table Conference.  
 ● Key Participants:  
 ● British Government: Led by Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald.  
 ● Indian National Congress: Represented by Mahatma Gandhi as the sole delegate.  
 ● Other Indian Representatives: Included B.R. Ambedkar, Tej Bahadur Sapru, and M.R. Jayakar.  
 ● Princely States: Represented by various princes and rulers.  
 ● Minority Communities: Included representatives from Muslims, Sikhs, Anglo-Indians, and Dalits.  
 ● Major Issues Discussed:  
 ● Federal Structure: Debates on the establishment of a federal government in India.  
 ● Minority Representation: Discussions on separate electorates and representation for minorities.  
 ● Communal Award: Addressed the demands of different communities for political representation.  
 ● Outcome:  
 ○ No significant agreement was reached on the major issues.
 ○ Highlighted the deep divisions among Indian political groups and communities.
 ● Significant Events:  
 ● Gandhi-Irwin Pact: Preceded the conference, leading to the release of political prisoners and Gandhi's participation.  
 ● Gandhi's Role: Emphasized the demand for complete independence and opposed separate electorates for minorities.  
 ● Legacy: Set the stage for the Third Round Table Conference and further constitutional discussions.

 ● Date of Launch: The Quit India Movement was launched on August 8, 1942.  
 ● Location: The movement was initiated at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay (now Mumbai).  
 ● Key Figure: Mahatma Gandhi was the principal leader who called for the movement.  
 ● Resolution: The Quit India Resolution was passed by the All India Congress Committee (AICC).  
 ● Slogan: Gandhi gave the famous call of "Do or Die" to the Indian people.  
 ● British Response: The British government responded with mass arrests, including the detention of major leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.  
 ● Viceroy of India: During the launch, Lord Linlithgow was the Viceroy of India.  
 ● Congress Working Committee: The resolution was drafted by the Congress Working Committee.  
 ● Public Reaction: The movement saw widespread participation from all sections of Indian society, including students, workers, and peasants.  
 ● Repression: The British used severe measures to suppress the movement, including lathi charges, firing, and censorship.  
 ● Underground Activities: Leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan and Aruna Asaf Ali continued the struggle through underground activities.  
 ● Duration: The movement continued until the end of World War II, despite the severe crackdown by the British authorities.