Correct Answer: 

The correct answer is B: Basic needs approach.

Explanation of Options:

Option A: Welfare approach  
 • Incorrect.
 • The welfare approach focuses on providing social safety nets and welfare programs to support individuals in need.
 • It emphasizes redistribution of resources to ensure a minimum standard of living.
 • This approach is more about providing aid and support rather than focusing on specific basic needs like health and education.

Option B: Basic needs approach  
 • Correct.
 • Initially proposed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO), this approach emphasizes the fulfillment of essential needs such as health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing.
 • It aims to ensure that all individuals have access to the basic necessities required for a decent standard of living.
 • The approach is centered around improving the quality of life by addressing fundamental human needs.

Option C: Income approach  
 • Incorrect.
 • The income approach focuses on increasing individuals' income as a means to improve their standard of living.
 • It is based on the idea that higher income allows people to access goods and services that improve their quality of life.
 • This approach does not specifically target basic needs like health and education.

Option D: Capability approach  
 • Incorrect.
 • The capability approach, developed by Amartya Sen, emphasizes expanding individuals' capabilities and freedoms to lead the kind of life they value.
 • It focuses on enhancing people's abilities to achieve well-being, rather than just providing resources or meeting basic needs.
 • This approach is broader and more holistic compared to the basic needs approach.