•   Mughal period saw a remarkable rebirth of Islamic architecture in the Northern parts of the Country.

•   It contained a mix of Indian, Persian, and Turkish architectural styles.

•   The building materials used was red sandstone and white marble.

Characteristic features:

•   Charbagh gardens,

•   arches,

•   bulbous domes (Gumbaj),

•   curvilinear roof,

•   thin turrets at corners,

•   large entrances,

•   magnificent calligraphy,

•   arabesque, and geometric patterns on pillars and walls,

•   Foresighting method and royal halls supported on pillars.

Architecture under Emperors

•   Babur: Mosques at Panipat and Rohilkhand.

•   Humayun: Initiated Dinpanah but couldn’t complete it.

•   Sher Shah (Sur Dynasty): Qila-e-Quhunah (Old Fort Mosque) in Delhi, Rohtas Fort in Pakistan and the Sher Shah Suri Masjid in Patna, Sadak-e-Azam (Grand Trunk Road).

•   Akbar: Mughal Architecture reached its peak during Akbar. Red Sandstone was majorly used. Four centred arch called ‘Tudor Arch’ was the unique feature. The important monuments are, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Buland Darwaza, Tomb of Salim Chisti, Panch Mahal, Jodha Bai’s Palace, Hiiran minar, Goving Dev shrine in Vrindavan.

•   Jahangir: Akbar's Tomb in Sikandra, Shalimar Bagh in Kashmir, Moti Masjid, Tomb of Itmad-ud-daulah (Noor Jahan's father) built by Noor Jahan.

•   Shah Jahan: Taj Mahal, Red Fort in Delhi, the Jama Masjid in Delhi, and the Shalimar Bagh in Lahore.

•   Aurangzeb: Bibi-ka-Maqbara in honor of his wife, Begum Rabia-ud-Daurani in Aurangabad.